HIV

HIV is transmitted through contact with certain body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk from a person who has HIV. The most common ways HIV is transmitted include: 

1. Unprotected sexual intercourse: The virus can be transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex without the use of condoms or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

2. Sharing of needles: HIV can be spread through the sharing of needles and syringes contaminated with the virus, especially among intravenous drug users.

3. Mother-to-child transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or through breastfeeding.

4. Blood transfusions and organ transplants: Although this is rare in many countries due to screening of blood and organ donations, there have been cases of HIV transmission through these routes.

5. Occupational exposure: Healthcare workers can be at risk of HIV transmission through accidental needle sticks or exposure to infected blood. 

It's important to note that HIV is not spread through casual contact, such as hugging or shaking hands, or through the air, water, or insect bites.

Early detection and medical intervention are crucial for managing HIV. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for HIV, and it helps to lower the viral load in the body, maintain a healthy immune system, and reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to others. Additionally, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is available for individuals at high risk of acquiring HIV.

Prevention measures include practicing safe sex, using clean needles and syringes, getting tested and knowing the HIV status of sexual partners, and taking precautions to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Education and awareness are essential in the global effort to prevent and control the spread of HIV/AIDS.